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NORFOLK SOUTHERN CORP

NSC · Industrials · $78.7B mkt cap · FY2025 filings · · not refreshed in 39 days · Narrow moat ·

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The five investor questions

62

2021–2025 (latest 5 aligned FYs; v3 window cap 5): revenue $11.1B to $12.2B, increasing; diluted EPS 12.11 to 12.75, increasing.

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Not enough years of gross-margin data to score pricing power.

93

Median ROIC 20.7%, above the 12% hurdle in 80% of years.

36

Net debt/EBITDA n/ax, interest coverage 6x.

80

Owner earnings changed +6.2%/yr over up to the ten most recent annual observations.

The pricingPower component abstained: Not enough years of gross-margin data to score pricing power. The other four 20% weights were renormalized over the scored 80%.

Price vs. value if growth stopped today

A cautious baseline, not a price target: what the shares may support if normalized owner earnings simply hold steady.

Above value if growth stopped todayBelow value if growth stopped today
147% above value if growth stopped today
$2.9B
$142.24
$230.43
$350.66
147% above value if growth stopped today

What today’s price assumes: owner earnings growing ~20%/yr over 5 years. The zero-growth estimate assumes owner earnings stay flat (0% growth).

How to read this

We solve for the constant annual change in owner earnings that would make the five-year zero-growth estimate equal today’s price. This keeps the existing model inputs and calculation unchanged; it is an expectations lens, not a forecast.

This zero-growth estimate assumes trailing owner earnings persist — unreliable for declining businesses. The recent FY revenue series does not trigger the three-consecutive-declines flag.

Among the current top-score group, the median current price is 239% above the zero-growth estimate across 48 of the current top 50 companies by Moat Score with both values.

Score records captured Jul 26, 2026.

Exactly which 50 companies?

FTNT, META, MEDP, IBEX, MSFT, GOOGL, LULU, ANF, IDXX, TXRH, FHI, QLYS, FFIV, ADBE, LLY, MANH, VEEV, GRMN, SSD, MNST, DOCS, MCO, CPRT, NTAP, LRCX, NVDA, CORT, SFM, MPTI, ULTA, SN, RMD, ROL, PAYC, IRMD, INTU, DECK, MORN, LGCY, DAL, GWW, ISRG, MPWR, CTAS, LOPE, MRK, CMG, FAST, BKNG, ORLY

Missing a usable price or zero-growth estimate: ANF, BKNG.

Model details under moat-index@3.0.0: zero-growth multiple 11.1×, capped-growth comparison at no more than 18×; 9% discount rate; high-end growth 4% (capped at 4%) using min(5y revenue CAGR, 5y diluted-EPS CAGR), clamped to 0%–4%; maintenance capex uses min(capex, D&A); abstain when D&A is unavailable. This is a disclosed model range, not intrinsic value as fact.

20 years of fundamentals

The business, in plain English

Across the filed record, revenue grew from $9.4B (FY2007) to $12.2B (FY2025) — about 1.4% a year compounded over 18 years.

It earned 24.4% on invested capital in the latest filed year, FY2025. Across the full 19-year measurable filed record, median ROIC was 17.7%. Over the v3 recent window (10 measurable filed years), median ROIC was 20.7%. The Returns on Capital filter above scores it 93/100.

NSC's latest filed year, FY2025, doesn't disclose total debt in a form the methodology can use, so current leverage is treated as unmeasured — never assumed to be zero.

This breakdown is generated from the filed numbers and sub-scores above — no outside narrative, no estimates. Where a filing doesn’t disclose an input, the sentence that would need it is omitted instead of guessed.

FY2006–FY2025 · 20 fiscal years, normalized from NSC’s SEC filings

Sales, as filed$12.2B FY2025
$0$5B$10B2006201320202025
Revenue kept after cost of goods

Not disclosed in NSC’s filings for these years — we don’t estimate it.

Standard ROIC or separately labeled Operating ROICROIC 24.4% FY2025
0%20%2006201320202025
Cash an owner could take out$2.9B FY2025
$0$2B$4B2006201320202025

Gaps in a line mean that item isn’t in NSC’s filings for that year. The series is never interpolated or estimated. The Table view lists every filed value, including operating and net margins, total debt, and share count.

Flagship explainer

How NORFOLK SOUTHERN CORP makes its money

NORFOLK SOUTHERN CORP's filing does not supply enough comparable lines for a truthful flow chart — here's what is filed:

Table alternative
Filed lineValue% of revenueSource
$12.2B100%
$4.4B36%
Income before tax$3.7B30%
Income tax$792M7%
$2.9B24%
Source: · event Dec 31, 2025 · retrieved Jul 26, 2026 · annual-row source set

Flagship explainer

What NORFOLK SOUTHERN CORP owns — and owes

NORFOLK SOUTHERN CORP's filing tags don't support a full breakdown — here's what is filed:

Table alternative
Filed lineValue% of assetsSource
Total assets$45.2B100%
Cash and equivalents$1.5B3%
Stockholders’ equity$15.5B34%
Source: · event Dec 31, 2025 · retrieved Jul 26, 2026 · annual-row source set

Flagship explainer

What drives NORFOLK SOUTHERN CORP’s return on equity?

ROE is five filed business factors multiplied together.

DuPont return on equity factor treeReturn on equity branches into tax burden, interest burden, operating margin, asset turnover, and the equity multiplier.Return on equity19%Tax burden78%net income ÷ pretax incomeInterest burden84%pretax ÷ operating incomeOperating margin36%operating income ÷ revenueAsset turnover0.27×revenue ÷ average assetsEquity multiplier2.98×average assets ÷ average equityAs of 2025-12-31 · 2 SEC filing sourcesBuy Like Buffett · buylikebuffett.com
DuPont source inputs
InputValueFiscal yearSource
$2.9BFY2025
Income before tax$3.7BFY2025
Operating income$4.4BFY2025
$12.2BFY2025
Ending assets$45.2BFY2025
Beginning assets$43.7BFY2024
$15.5BFY2025
$14.3BFY2024
Source:
  • SEC filingFiling detailsAccession 0000702165-25-000008
  • SEC filingFiling detailsAccession 0001628280-26-006268
· event Dec 31, 2025 · retrieved Jul 26, 2026 · annual-row source set
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Flagship explainer

Where NORFOLK SOUTHERN CORP's cash went

NORFOLK SOUTHERN CORP’s filing does not supply enough provenance-matched cash-flow lines for a truthful flow chart — here’s what is filed:

Table alternative
Filed lineValue% of cash from operationsSource
Cash from operations$4.4B100%
Depreciation and amortization$1.4B32%
Source: · event Dec 31, 2025 · retrieved Jul 26, 2026 · annual-row source set

Curated 19-manager tier

Who reported holding NORFOLK SOUTHERN CORP

Delayed public 13F reports for 2026-Q2—not live positions, trades, or recommendations.

1 holding0 exited0 not holding1/19 resolved18 not retrieved

Named manager positions and quarter-over-quarter changes
ManagerReported positionQuarter-over-quarterFiling accession
Markel / Markel-Gayner282,500 shares$88.9M · 1% of eligible reported 13FUnchanged · 0 shares (0%)
Abrams CapitalNot retrievedComparison not retrievedFiling not retrieved
Akre CapitalNot retrievedComparison not retrievedFiling not retrieved
Baupost GroupNot retrievedComparison not retrievedFiling not retrieved
Berkshire HathawayNot retrievedComparison not retrievedFiling not retrieved
Brave Warrior AdvisorsNot retrievedComparison not retrievedFiling not retrieved
Dodge & CoxNot retrievedComparison not retrievedFiling not retrieved
First EagleNot retrievedComparison not retrievedFiling not retrieved
FundsmithNot retrievedComparison not retrievedFiling not retrieved
Gardner Russo & QuinnNot retrievedComparison not retrievedFiling not retrieved
Gates Foundation TrustNot retrievedComparison not retrievedFiling not retrieved
Mairs & PowerNot retrievedComparison not retrievedFiling not retrieved
Oakmark / Harris AssociatesNot retrievedComparison not retrievedFiling not retrieved
Pershing SquareNot retrievedComparison not retrievedFiling not retrieved
Polen CapitalNot retrievedComparison not retrievedFiling not retrieved
Sequoia / Ruane CunniffNot retrievedComparison not retrievedFiling not retrieved
Southeastern Asset ManagementNot retrievedComparison not retrievedFiling not retrieved
Tweedy, BrowneNot retrievedComparison not retrievedFiling not retrieved
Yacktman Asset ManagementNot retrievedComparison not retrievedFiling not retrieved

Position size uses shares and filed value from each manager’s 13F. Portfolio weight uses the eligible long-share filing denominator. Changes compare only with the immediately preceding calendar quarter.

Source: · event Jun 30, 2026 · retrieved Jul 26, 2026

Flagship explainer

What NORFOLK SOUTHERN CORP insiders reported

We could not retrieve insider activity for this rendering; no zero-activity claim is shown.

Unavailable: Form 4 activity could not be retrieved for this rendering.

Moat Score history

16 logged readings since Jul 17, 2026 · append-only, never rewritten

Moat Score over timeLast scored reading of each day, on the 0–100 scale67.7 / 100
0406080100WideNarrowShallowNo moatJul 20, 2026Jul 26, 2026

Breaks in the line mark methodology or normalizer upgrades — readings across versions aren’t compared, so a level shift there isn’t a change in the business.

Tier changesSame-methodology and same-normalizer crossings of the Wide / Narrow / Shallow bars

  1. Normalizer upgraded unstamped (version unknown)moat-xbrl-normalizer@1.1.0 — readings across versions aren’t comparedJul 26, 2026
  2. Methodology upgraded moat-index@2.0.0moat-index@3.0.0 — readings across versions aren’t comparedJul 23, 2026
  3. Methodology upgraded moat-index@1.2.0moat-index@2.0.0 — readings across versions aren’t comparedJul 20, 2026

Scores are logged append-only and never overwritten — this record cannot be reconstructed retroactively, which is exactly why it’s worth keeping.

Insider activity

Form 4 reports mix P/S market or private transactions with compensation-plan mechanics. Activity casually described as “insider selling” can include compensation mechanics; awards, tax withholding, and option exercises are shown by their exact filed class here, never collapsed into “Bought” or “Sold.”

These are disclosed filing facts and arithmetic aggregates, not a signal or verdict.

The insider-filing service is temporarily unavailable, so no partial or guessed answer is shown for NSC.

Track record

How NORFOLK SOUTHERN CORP’s moat rated in each of the years we can reconstruct from its filings — scored only on what was knowable at the time — and what its price and returns did afterward. The score never saw a price; the two are joined only in hindsight, for education, not as a signal.

Point-in-time scores 2011–2025, one methodology version · reconstructed from filings on file each Dec 31 — never with hindsight

Point-in-time Moat Score (dot colored by tier)Indexed price (total-return (dividends reinvested))Rated Wide-moat that year

How to read this: each dot is what the engine would have scored NSC on that December 31; the line below is its total-return price path (dividends reinvested) in the years since.

0406080100WideNarrowShallowNo moatPoint-in-time Moat Score100200500Indexed price · log scale (2012 = 100)201120142017202020232026

Two tracks, one timeline: the score has its own 0–100 scale (top), the price its own 100-based scale (bottom) — never a shared axis. The price path is a total-return (dividends reinvested) index built from the same data the forward returns use; gaps in the score line are years with no reconstructed rating (see the table for why). The Table view carries every value.

What followed, in the years it rated Wide

In the reconstructed history shown, NSC did not rate Wide-moat in any year, so there is no wide-moat track record to report. That absence is itself the honest answer — we don’t manufacture a comparison where the rating never earned one.

Industrials context

#72 of 446 scored Industrials companies, ranked by Moat Score.

Nearest peers by Moat Score

  1. #70GIC Global Industrial Company68.3Narrow moat
  2. #71LSTR LANDSTAR SYSTEM, INC.68.2Narrow moat
  3. #73CGNX Cognex Corporation67.7Narrow moat
  4. #74XYL Xylem Inc.67.4Narrow moat

Compare NSC with its nearest peers →All Industrials companies on the Index →

Common questions about NSC

Does NORFOLK SOUTHERN CORP have an economic moat?
Based on its FY2025 SEC filings, the Moat Index scores NORFOLK SOUTHERN CORP (NSC) 67.7 out of 100 — a Narrow moat. The five questions behind that score begin at 20% each; if exactly one genuinely lacks data, the other four weights are renormalized and disclosed. revenue and EPS trend 62, pricing power not measurable from the filings, returns on capital 93, balance-sheet safety 36, capital allocation 80.
Is NSC trading below the conservative owner-earnings estimate?
The value if growth stopped today — a zero-growth baseline — is $142.24 per share. It capitalizes normalized owner earnings at a 9% rate and assumes 0% growth. Versus a recent price of $350.66, that is 147% above value if growth stopped today. The model also publishes a capped-growth comparison, but the zero-growth estimate is the cautious baseline. It assumes trailing owner earnings persist and is unreliable for declining businesses. This is an educational estimate from primary SEC filings, not intrinsic value as a fact or investment advice.
How has NSC's Moat Score changed over time?
The record logs 16 readings since Jul 17, 2026; the latest reads 67.7 out of 100 (narrow moat). No tier changes on record yet. (Methodology or normalizer upgrades on Jul 20, 2026, Jul 23, 2026, Jul 26, 2026 re-based the score; readings across versions aren't compared.) The history is append-only — readings are only ever added, never rewritten.

Scored from primary SEC filings via the public methodology. Educational only — not a recommendation to buy or sell NSC. See the disclaimer.